typestring.go

     1  // Copyright 2013 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  // This file implements printing of types.
     6  
     7  package types2
     8  
     9  import (
    10  	"bytes"
    11  	"fmt"
    12  	"sort"
    13  	"strconv"
    14  	"strings"
    15  	"unicode/utf8"
    16  )
    17  
    18  // A Qualifier controls how named package-level objects are printed in
    19  // calls to [TypeString], [ObjectString], and [SelectionString].
    20  //
    21  // These three formatting routines call the Qualifier for each
    22  // package-level object O, and if the Qualifier returns a non-empty
    23  // string p, the object is printed in the form p.O.
    24  // If it returns an empty string, only the object name O is printed.
    25  //
    26  // Using a nil Qualifier is equivalent to using (*[Package]).Path: the
    27  // object is qualified by the import path, e.g., "encoding/json.Marshal".
    28  type Qualifier func(*Package) string
    29  
    30  // RelativeTo returns a [Qualifier] that fully qualifies members of
    31  // all packages other than pkg.
    32  func RelativeTo(pkg *Package) Qualifier {
    33  	if pkg == nil {
    34  		return nil
    35  	}
    36  	return func(other *Package) string {
    37  		if pkg == other {
    38  			return "" // same package; unqualified
    39  		}
    40  		return other.Path()
    41  	}
    42  }
    43  
    44  // TypeString returns the string representation of typ.
    45  // The [Qualifier] controls the printing of
    46  // package-level objects, and may be nil.
    47  func TypeString(typ Type, qf Qualifier) string {
    48  	var buf bytes.Buffer
    49  	WriteType(&buf, typ, qf)
    50  	return buf.String()
    51  }
    52  
    53  // WriteType writes the string representation of typ to buf.
    54  // The [Qualifier] controls the printing of
    55  // package-level objects, and may be nil.
    56  func WriteType(buf *bytes.Buffer, typ Type, qf Qualifier) {
    57  	newTypeWriter(buf, qf).typ(typ)
    58  }
    59  
    60  // WriteSignature writes the representation of the signature sig to buf,
    61  // without a leading "func" keyword. The [Qualifier] controls the printing
    62  // of package-level objects, and may be nil.
    63  func WriteSignature(buf *bytes.Buffer, sig *Signature, qf Qualifier) {
    64  	newTypeWriter(buf, qf).signature(sig)
    65  }
    66  
    67  type typeWriter struct {
    68  	buf          *bytes.Buffer
    69  	seen         map[Type]bool
    70  	qf           Qualifier
    71  	ctxt         *Context       // if non-nil, we are type hashing
    72  	tparams      *TypeParamList // local type parameters
    73  	paramNames   bool           // if set, write function parameter names, otherwise, write types only
    74  	tpSubscripts bool           // if set, write type parameter indices as subscripts
    75  	pkgInfo      bool           // package-annotate first unexported-type field to avoid confusing type description
    76  }
    77  
    78  func newTypeWriter(buf *bytes.Buffer, qf Qualifier) *typeWriter {
    79  	return &typeWriter{buf, make(map[Type]bool), qf, nil, nil, true, false, false}
    80  }
    81  
    82  func newTypeHasher(buf *bytes.Buffer, ctxt *Context) *typeWriter {
    83  	assert(ctxt != nil)
    84  	return &typeWriter{buf, make(map[Type]bool), nil, ctxt, nil, false, false, false}
    85  }
    86  
    87  func (w *typeWriter) byte(b byte) {
    88  	if w.ctxt != nil {
    89  		if b == ' ' {
    90  			b = '#'
    91  		}
    92  		w.buf.WriteByte(b)
    93  		return
    94  	}
    95  	w.buf.WriteByte(b)
    96  	if b == ',' || b == ';' {
    97  		w.buf.WriteByte(' ')
    98  	}
    99  }
   100  
   101  func (w *typeWriter) string(s string) {
   102  	w.buf.WriteString(s)
   103  }
   104  
   105  func (w *typeWriter) error(msg string) {
   106  	if w.ctxt != nil {
   107  		panic(msg)
   108  	}
   109  	w.buf.WriteString("<" + msg + ">")
   110  }
   111  
   112  func (w *typeWriter) typ(typ Type) {
   113  	if w.seen[typ] {
   114  		w.error("cycle to " + goTypeName(typ))
   115  		return
   116  	}
   117  	w.seen[typ] = true
   118  	defer delete(w.seen, typ)
   119  
   120  	switch t := typ.(type) {
   121  	case nil:
   122  		w.error("nil")
   123  
   124  	case *Basic:
   125  		// exported basic types go into package unsafe
   126  		// (currently this is just unsafe.Pointer)
   127  		if isExported(t.name) {
   128  			if obj, _ := Unsafe.scope.Lookup(t.name).(*TypeName); obj != nil {
   129  				w.typeName(obj)
   130  				break
   131  			}
   132  		}
   133  		w.string(t.name)
   134  
   135  	case *Array:
   136  		w.byte('[')
   137  		w.string(strconv.FormatInt(t.len, 10))
   138  		w.byte(']')
   139  		w.typ(t.elem)
   140  
   141  	case *Slice:
   142  		w.string("[]")
   143  		w.typ(t.elem)
   144  
   145  	case *Struct:
   146  		w.string("struct{")
   147  		for i, f := range t.fields {
   148  			if i > 0 {
   149  				w.byte(';')
   150  			}
   151  
   152  			// If disambiguating one struct for another, look for the first unexported field.
   153  			// Do this first in case of nested structs; tag the first-outermost field.
   154  			pkgAnnotate := false
   155  			if w.qf == nil && w.pkgInfo && !isExported(f.name) {
   156  				// note for embedded types, type name is field name, and "string" etc are lower case hence unexported.
   157  				pkgAnnotate = true
   158  				w.pkgInfo = false // only tag once
   159  			}
   160  
   161  			// This doesn't do the right thing for embedded type
   162  			// aliases where we should print the alias name, not
   163  			// the aliased type (see go.dev/issue/44410).
   164  			if !f.embedded {
   165  				w.string(f.name)
   166  				w.byte(' ')
   167  			}
   168  			w.typ(f.typ)
   169  			if pkgAnnotate {
   170  				w.string(" /* package ")
   171  				w.string(f.pkg.Path())
   172  				w.string(" */ ")
   173  			}
   174  			if tag := t.Tag(i); tag != "" {
   175  				w.byte(' ')
   176  				// TODO(gri) If tag contains blanks, replacing them with '#'
   177  				//           in Context.TypeHash may produce another tag
   178  				//           accidentally.
   179  				w.string(strconv.Quote(tag))
   180  			}
   181  		}
   182  		w.byte('}')
   183  
   184  	case *Pointer:
   185  		w.byte('*')
   186  		w.typ(t.base)
   187  
   188  	case *Tuple:
   189  		w.tuple(t, false)
   190  
   191  	case *Signature:
   192  		w.string("func")
   193  		w.signature(t)
   194  
   195  	case *Union:
   196  		// Unions only appear as (syntactic) embedded elements
   197  		// in interfaces and syntactically cannot be empty.
   198  		if t.Len() == 0 {
   199  			w.error("empty union")
   200  			break
   201  		}
   202  		for i, t := range t.terms {
   203  			if i > 0 {
   204  				w.string(termSep)
   205  			}
   206  			if t.tilde {
   207  				w.byte('~')
   208  			}
   209  			w.typ(t.typ)
   210  		}
   211  
   212  	case *Interface:
   213  		if w.ctxt == nil {
   214  			if t == universeAnyAlias.Type().Underlying() {
   215  				// When not hashing, we can try to improve type strings by writing "any"
   216  				// for a type that is pointer-identical to universeAny.
   217  				// TODO(rfindley): this logic should not be necessary with
   218  				// gotypesalias=1. Remove once that is always the case.
   219  				w.string("any")
   220  				break
   221  			}
   222  			if t == asNamed(universeComparable.Type()).underlying {
   223  				w.string("interface{comparable}")
   224  				break
   225  			}
   226  		}
   227  		if t.implicit {
   228  			if len(t.methods) == 0 && len(t.embeddeds) == 1 {
   229  				w.typ(t.embeddeds[0])
   230  				break
   231  			}
   232  			// Something's wrong with the implicit interface.
   233  			// Print it as such and continue.
   234  			w.string("/* implicit */ ")
   235  		}
   236  		w.string("interface{")
   237  		first := true
   238  		if w.ctxt != nil {
   239  			w.typeSet(t.typeSet())
   240  		} else {
   241  			for _, m := range t.methods {
   242  				if !first {
   243  					w.byte(';')
   244  				}
   245  				first = false
   246  				w.string(m.name)
   247  				w.signature(m.typ.(*Signature))
   248  			}
   249  			for _, typ := range t.embeddeds {
   250  				if !first {
   251  					w.byte(';')
   252  				}
   253  				first = false
   254  				w.typ(typ)
   255  			}
   256  		}
   257  		w.byte('}')
   258  
   259  	case *Map:
   260  		w.string("map[")
   261  		w.typ(t.key)
   262  		w.byte(']')
   263  		w.typ(t.elem)
   264  
   265  	case *Chan:
   266  		var s string
   267  		var parens bool
   268  		switch t.dir {
   269  		case SendRecv:
   270  			s = "chan "
   271  			// chan (<-chan T) requires parentheses
   272  			if c, _ := t.elem.(*Chan); c != nil && c.dir == RecvOnly {
   273  				parens = true
   274  			}
   275  		case SendOnly:
   276  			s = "chan<- "
   277  		case RecvOnly:
   278  			s = "<-chan "
   279  		default:
   280  			w.error("unknown channel direction")
   281  		}
   282  		w.string(s)
   283  		if parens {
   284  			w.byte('(')
   285  		}
   286  		w.typ(t.elem)
   287  		if parens {
   288  			w.byte(')')
   289  		}
   290  
   291  	case *Named:
   292  		// If hashing, write a unique prefix for t to represent its identity, since
   293  		// named type identity is pointer identity.
   294  		if w.ctxt != nil {
   295  			w.string(strconv.Itoa(w.ctxt.getID(t)))
   296  		}
   297  		w.typeName(t.obj) // when hashing written for readability of the hash only
   298  		if t.inst != nil {
   299  			// instantiated type
   300  			w.typeList(t.inst.targs.list())
   301  		} else if w.ctxt == nil && t.TypeParams().Len() != 0 { // For type hashing, don't need to format the TypeParams
   302  			// parameterized type
   303  			w.tParamList(t.TypeParams().list())
   304  		}
   305  
   306  	case *TypeParam:
   307  		if t.obj == nil {
   308  			w.error("unnamed type parameter")
   309  			break
   310  		}
   311  		if i := tparamIndex(w.tparams.list(), t); i >= 0 {
   312  			// The names of type parameters that are declared by the type being
   313  			// hashed are not part of the type identity. Replace them with a
   314  			// placeholder indicating their index.
   315  			w.string(fmt.Sprintf("$%d", i))
   316  		} else {
   317  			w.string(t.obj.name)
   318  			if w.tpSubscripts || w.ctxt != nil {
   319  				w.string(subscript(t.id))
   320  			}
   321  			// If the type parameter name is the same as a predeclared object
   322  			// (say int), point out where it is declared to avoid confusing
   323  			// error messages. This doesn't need to be super-elegant; we just
   324  			// need a clear indication that this is not a predeclared name.
   325  			if w.ctxt == nil && Universe.Lookup(t.obj.name) != nil {
   326  				if isTypes2 {
   327  					w.string(fmt.Sprintf(" /* with %s declared at %v */", t.obj.name, t.obj.Pos()))
   328  				} else {
   329  					// Can't print position information because
   330  					// we don't have a token.FileSet accessible.
   331  					w.string("/* type parameter */")
   332  				}
   333  			}
   334  		}
   335  
   336  	case *Alias:
   337  		w.typeName(t.obj)
   338  		if w.ctxt != nil {
   339  			// TODO(gri) do we need to print the alias type name, too?
   340  			w.typ(Unalias(t.obj.typ))
   341  		}
   342  
   343  	default:
   344  		// For externally defined implementations of Type.
   345  		// Note: In this case cycles won't be caught.
   346  		w.string(t.String())
   347  	}
   348  }
   349  
   350  // typeSet writes a canonical hash for an interface type set.
   351  func (w *typeWriter) typeSet(s *_TypeSet) {
   352  	assert(w.ctxt != nil)
   353  	first := true
   354  	for _, m := range s.methods {
   355  		if !first {
   356  			w.byte(';')
   357  		}
   358  		first = false
   359  		w.string(m.name)
   360  		w.signature(m.typ.(*Signature))
   361  	}
   362  	switch {
   363  	case s.terms.isAll():
   364  		// nothing to do
   365  	case s.terms.isEmpty():
   366  		w.string(s.terms.String())
   367  	default:
   368  		var termHashes []string
   369  		for _, term := range s.terms {
   370  			// terms are not canonically sorted, so we sort their hashes instead.
   371  			var buf bytes.Buffer
   372  			if term.tilde {
   373  				buf.WriteByte('~')
   374  			}
   375  			newTypeHasher(&buf, w.ctxt).typ(term.typ)
   376  			termHashes = append(termHashes, buf.String())
   377  		}
   378  		sort.Strings(termHashes)
   379  		if !first {
   380  			w.byte(';')
   381  		}
   382  		w.string(strings.Join(termHashes, "|"))
   383  	}
   384  }
   385  
   386  func (w *typeWriter) typeList(list []Type) {
   387  	w.byte('[')
   388  	for i, typ := range list {
   389  		if i > 0 {
   390  			w.byte(',')
   391  		}
   392  		w.typ(typ)
   393  	}
   394  	w.byte(']')
   395  }
   396  
   397  func (w *typeWriter) tParamList(list []*TypeParam) {
   398  	w.byte('[')
   399  	var prev Type
   400  	for i, tpar := range list {
   401  		// Determine the type parameter and its constraint.
   402  		// list is expected to hold type parameter names,
   403  		// but don't crash if that's not the case.
   404  		if tpar == nil {
   405  			w.error("nil type parameter")
   406  			continue
   407  		}
   408  		if i > 0 {
   409  			if tpar.bound != prev {
   410  				// bound changed - write previous one before advancing
   411  				w.byte(' ')
   412  				w.typ(prev)
   413  			}
   414  			w.byte(',')
   415  		}
   416  		prev = tpar.bound
   417  		w.typ(tpar)
   418  	}
   419  	if prev != nil {
   420  		w.byte(' ')
   421  		w.typ(prev)
   422  	}
   423  	w.byte(']')
   424  }
   425  
   426  func (w *typeWriter) typeName(obj *TypeName) {
   427  	w.string(packagePrefix(obj.pkg, w.qf))
   428  	w.string(obj.name)
   429  }
   430  
   431  func (w *typeWriter) tuple(tup *Tuple, variadic bool) {
   432  	w.byte('(')
   433  	if tup != nil {
   434  		for i, v := range tup.vars {
   435  			if i > 0 {
   436  				w.byte(',')
   437  			}
   438  			// parameter names are ignored for type identity and thus type hashes
   439  			if w.ctxt == nil && v.name != "" && w.paramNames {
   440  				w.string(v.name)
   441  				w.byte(' ')
   442  			}
   443  			typ := v.typ
   444  			if variadic && i == len(tup.vars)-1 {
   445  				if s, ok := typ.(*Slice); ok {
   446  					w.string("...")
   447  					typ = s.elem
   448  				} else {
   449  					// special case:
   450  					// append(s, "foo"...) leads to signature func([]byte, string...)
   451  					if t, _ := under(typ).(*Basic); t == nil || t.kind != String {
   452  						w.error("expected string type")
   453  						continue
   454  					}
   455  					w.typ(typ)
   456  					w.string("...")
   457  					continue
   458  				}
   459  			}
   460  			w.typ(typ)
   461  		}
   462  	}
   463  	w.byte(')')
   464  }
   465  
   466  func (w *typeWriter) signature(sig *Signature) {
   467  	if sig.TypeParams().Len() != 0 {
   468  		if w.ctxt != nil {
   469  			assert(w.tparams == nil)
   470  			w.tparams = sig.TypeParams()
   471  			defer func() {
   472  				w.tparams = nil
   473  			}()
   474  		}
   475  		w.tParamList(sig.TypeParams().list())
   476  	}
   477  
   478  	w.tuple(sig.params, sig.variadic)
   479  
   480  	n := sig.results.Len()
   481  	if n == 0 {
   482  		// no result
   483  		return
   484  	}
   485  
   486  	w.byte(' ')
   487  	if n == 1 && (w.ctxt != nil || sig.results.vars[0].name == "") {
   488  		// single unnamed result (if type hashing, name must be ignored)
   489  		w.typ(sig.results.vars[0].typ)
   490  		return
   491  	}
   492  
   493  	// multiple or named result(s)
   494  	w.tuple(sig.results, false)
   495  }
   496  
   497  // subscript returns the decimal (utf8) representation of x using subscript digits.
   498  func subscript(x uint64) string {
   499  	const w = len("₀") // all digits 0...9 have the same utf8 width
   500  	var buf [32 * w]byte
   501  	i := len(buf)
   502  	for {
   503  		i -= w
   504  		utf8.EncodeRune(buf[i:], '₀'+rune(x%10)) // '₀' == U+2080
   505  		x /= 10
   506  		if x == 0 {
   507  			break
   508  		}
   509  	}
   510  	return string(buf[i:])
   511  }
   512
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