Source file src/encoding/json/v2/options.go

     1  // Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  //go:build goexperiment.jsonv2
     6  
     7  package json
     8  
     9  import (
    10  	"fmt"
    11  
    12  	"encoding/json/internal"
    13  	"encoding/json/internal/jsonflags"
    14  	"encoding/json/internal/jsonopts"
    15  )
    16  
    17  // Options configure [Marshal], [MarshalWrite], [MarshalEncode],
    18  // [Unmarshal], [UnmarshalRead], and [UnmarshalDecode] with specific features.
    19  // Each function takes in a variadic list of options, where properties
    20  // set in later options override the value of previously set properties.
    21  //
    22  // The Options type is identical to [encoding/json.Options] and
    23  // [encoding/json/jsontext.Options]. Options from the other packages can
    24  // be used interchangeably with functionality in this package.
    25  //
    26  // Options represent either a singular option or a set of options.
    27  // It can be functionally thought of as a Go map of option properties
    28  // (even though the underlying implementation avoids Go maps for performance).
    29  //
    30  // The constructors (e.g., [Deterministic]) return a singular option value:
    31  //
    32  //	opt := Deterministic(true)
    33  //
    34  // which is analogous to creating a single entry map:
    35  //
    36  //	opt := Options{"Deterministic": true}
    37  //
    38  // [JoinOptions] composes multiple options values to together:
    39  //
    40  //	out := JoinOptions(opts...)
    41  //
    42  // which is analogous to making a new map and copying the options over:
    43  //
    44  //	out := make(Options)
    45  //	for _, m := range opts {
    46  //		for k, v := range m {
    47  //			out[k] = v
    48  //		}
    49  //	}
    50  //
    51  // [GetOption] looks up the value of options parameter:
    52  //
    53  //	v, ok := GetOption(opts, Deterministic)
    54  //
    55  // which is analogous to a Go map lookup:
    56  //
    57  //	v, ok := Options["Deterministic"]
    58  //
    59  // There is a single Options type, which is used with both marshal and unmarshal.
    60  // Some options affect both operations, while others only affect one operation:
    61  //
    62  //   - [StringifyNumbers] affects marshaling and unmarshaling
    63  //   - [Deterministic] affects marshaling only
    64  //   - [FormatNilSliceAsNull] affects marshaling only
    65  //   - [FormatNilMapAsNull] affects marshaling only
    66  //   - [OmitZeroStructFields] affects marshaling only
    67  //   - [MatchCaseInsensitiveNames] affects marshaling and unmarshaling
    68  //   - [DiscardUnknownMembers] affects marshaling only
    69  //   - [RejectUnknownMembers] affects unmarshaling only
    70  //   - [WithMarshalers] affects marshaling only
    71  //   - [WithUnmarshalers] affects unmarshaling only
    72  //
    73  // Options that do not affect a particular operation are ignored.
    74  type Options = jsonopts.Options
    75  
    76  // JoinOptions coalesces the provided list of options into a single Options.
    77  // Properties set in later options override the value of previously set properties.
    78  func JoinOptions(srcs ...Options) Options {
    79  	var dst jsonopts.Struct
    80  	dst.Join(srcs...)
    81  	return &dst
    82  }
    83  
    84  // GetOption returns the value stored in opts with the provided setter,
    85  // reporting whether the value is present.
    86  //
    87  // Example usage:
    88  //
    89  //	v, ok := json.GetOption(opts, json.Deterministic)
    90  //
    91  // Options are most commonly introspected to alter the JSON representation of
    92  // [MarshalerTo.MarshalJSONTo] and [UnmarshalerFrom.UnmarshalJSONFrom] methods, and
    93  // [MarshalToFunc] and [UnmarshalFromFunc] functions.
    94  // In such cases, the presence bit should generally be ignored.
    95  func GetOption[T any](opts Options, setter func(T) Options) (T, bool) {
    96  	return jsonopts.GetOption(opts, setter)
    97  }
    98  
    99  // DefaultOptionsV2 is the full set of all options that define v2 semantics.
   100  // It is equivalent to all options under [Options], [encoding/json.Options],
   101  // and [encoding/json/jsontext.Options] being set to false or the zero value,
   102  // except for the options related to whitespace formatting.
   103  func DefaultOptionsV2() Options {
   104  	return &jsonopts.DefaultOptionsV2
   105  }
   106  
   107  // StringifyNumbers specifies that numeric Go types should be marshaled
   108  // as a JSON string containing the equivalent JSON number value.
   109  // When unmarshaling, numeric Go types are parsed from a JSON string
   110  // containing the JSON number without any surrounding whitespace.
   111  //
   112  // According to RFC 8259, section 6, a JSON implementation may choose to
   113  // limit the representation of a JSON number to an IEEE 754 binary64 value.
   114  // This may cause decoders to lose precision for int64 and uint64 types.
   115  // Quoting JSON numbers as a JSON string preserves the exact precision.
   116  //
   117  // This affects either marshaling or unmarshaling.
   118  func StringifyNumbers(v bool) Options {
   119  	if v {
   120  		return jsonflags.StringifyNumbers | 1
   121  	} else {
   122  		return jsonflags.StringifyNumbers | 0
   123  	}
   124  }
   125  
   126  // Deterministic specifies that the same input value will be serialized
   127  // as the exact same output bytes. Different processes of
   128  // the same program will serialize equal values to the same bytes,
   129  // but different versions of the same program are not guaranteed
   130  // to produce the exact same sequence of bytes.
   131  //
   132  // This only affects marshaling and is ignored when unmarshaling.
   133  func Deterministic(v bool) Options {
   134  	if v {
   135  		return jsonflags.Deterministic | 1
   136  	} else {
   137  		return jsonflags.Deterministic | 0
   138  	}
   139  }
   140  
   141  // FormatNilSliceAsNull specifies that a nil Go slice should marshal as a
   142  // JSON null instead of the default representation as an empty JSON array
   143  // (or an empty JSON string in the case of ~[]byte).
   144  // Slice fields explicitly marked with `format:emitempty` still marshal
   145  // as an empty JSON array.
   146  //
   147  // This only affects marshaling and is ignored when unmarshaling.
   148  func FormatNilSliceAsNull(v bool) Options {
   149  	if v {
   150  		return jsonflags.FormatNilSliceAsNull | 1
   151  	} else {
   152  		return jsonflags.FormatNilSliceAsNull | 0
   153  	}
   154  }
   155  
   156  // FormatNilMapAsNull specifies that a nil Go map should marshal as a
   157  // JSON null instead of the default representation as an empty JSON object.
   158  // Map fields explicitly marked with `format:emitempty` still marshal
   159  // as an empty JSON object.
   160  //
   161  // This only affects marshaling and is ignored when unmarshaling.
   162  func FormatNilMapAsNull(v bool) Options {
   163  	if v {
   164  		return jsonflags.FormatNilMapAsNull | 1
   165  	} else {
   166  		return jsonflags.FormatNilMapAsNull | 0
   167  	}
   168  }
   169  
   170  // OmitZeroStructFields specifies that a Go struct should marshal in such a way
   171  // that all struct fields that are zero are omitted from the marshaled output
   172  // if the value is zero as determined by the "IsZero() bool" method if present,
   173  // otherwise based on whether the field is the zero Go value.
   174  // This is semantically equivalent to specifying the `omitzero` tag option
   175  // on every field in a Go struct.
   176  //
   177  // This only affects marshaling and is ignored when unmarshaling.
   178  func OmitZeroStructFields(v bool) Options {
   179  	if v {
   180  		return jsonflags.OmitZeroStructFields | 1
   181  	} else {
   182  		return jsonflags.OmitZeroStructFields | 0
   183  	}
   184  }
   185  
   186  // MatchCaseInsensitiveNames specifies that JSON object members are matched
   187  // against Go struct fields using a case-insensitive match of the name.
   188  // Go struct fields explicitly marked with `case:strict` or `case:ignore`
   189  // always use case-sensitive (or case-insensitive) name matching,
   190  // regardless of the value of this option.
   191  //
   192  // This affects either marshaling or unmarshaling.
   193  // For marshaling, this option may alter the detection of duplicate names
   194  // (assuming [jsontext.AllowDuplicateNames] is false) from inlined fields
   195  // if it matches one of the declared fields in the Go struct.
   196  func MatchCaseInsensitiveNames(v bool) Options {
   197  	if v {
   198  		return jsonflags.MatchCaseInsensitiveNames | 1
   199  	} else {
   200  		return jsonflags.MatchCaseInsensitiveNames | 0
   201  	}
   202  }
   203  
   204  // DiscardUnknownMembers specifies that marshaling should ignore any
   205  // JSON object members stored in Go struct fields dedicated to storing
   206  // unknown JSON object members.
   207  //
   208  // This only affects marshaling and is ignored when unmarshaling.
   209  func DiscardUnknownMembers(v bool) Options {
   210  	if v {
   211  		return jsonflags.DiscardUnknownMembers | 1
   212  	} else {
   213  		return jsonflags.DiscardUnknownMembers | 0
   214  	}
   215  }
   216  
   217  // RejectUnknownMembers specifies that unknown members should be rejected
   218  // when unmarshaling a JSON object, regardless of whether there is a field
   219  // to store unknown members.
   220  //
   221  // This only affects unmarshaling and is ignored when marshaling.
   222  func RejectUnknownMembers(v bool) Options {
   223  	if v {
   224  		return jsonflags.RejectUnknownMembers | 1
   225  	} else {
   226  		return jsonflags.RejectUnknownMembers | 0
   227  	}
   228  }
   229  
   230  // WithMarshalers specifies a list of type-specific marshalers to use,
   231  // which can be used to override the default marshal behavior for values
   232  // of particular types.
   233  //
   234  // This only affects marshaling and is ignored when unmarshaling.
   235  func WithMarshalers(v *Marshalers) Options {
   236  	return (*marshalersOption)(v)
   237  }
   238  
   239  // WithUnmarshalers specifies a list of type-specific unmarshalers to use,
   240  // which can be used to override the default unmarshal behavior for values
   241  // of particular types.
   242  //
   243  // This only affects unmarshaling and is ignored when marshaling.
   244  func WithUnmarshalers(v *Unmarshalers) Options {
   245  	return (*unmarshalersOption)(v)
   246  }
   247  
   248  // These option types are declared here instead of "jsonopts"
   249  // to avoid a dependency on "reflect" from "jsonopts".
   250  type (
   251  	marshalersOption   Marshalers
   252  	unmarshalersOption Unmarshalers
   253  )
   254  
   255  func (*marshalersOption) JSONOptions(internal.NotForPublicUse)   {}
   256  func (*unmarshalersOption) JSONOptions(internal.NotForPublicUse) {}
   257  
   258  // Inject support into "jsonopts" to handle these types.
   259  func init() {
   260  	jsonopts.GetUnknownOption = func(src *jsonopts.Struct, zero jsonopts.Options) (any, bool) {
   261  		switch zero.(type) {
   262  		case *marshalersOption:
   263  			if !src.Flags.Has(jsonflags.Marshalers) {
   264  				return (*Marshalers)(nil), false
   265  			}
   266  			return src.Marshalers.(*Marshalers), true
   267  		case *unmarshalersOption:
   268  			if !src.Flags.Has(jsonflags.Unmarshalers) {
   269  				return (*Unmarshalers)(nil), false
   270  			}
   271  			return src.Unmarshalers.(*Unmarshalers), true
   272  		default:
   273  			panic(fmt.Sprintf("unknown option %T", zero))
   274  		}
   275  	}
   276  	jsonopts.JoinUnknownOption = func(dst *jsonopts.Struct, src jsonopts.Options) {
   277  		switch src := src.(type) {
   278  		case *marshalersOption:
   279  			dst.Flags.Set(jsonflags.Marshalers | 1)
   280  			dst.Marshalers = (*Marshalers)(src)
   281  		case *unmarshalersOption:
   282  			dst.Flags.Set(jsonflags.Unmarshalers | 1)
   283  			dst.Unmarshalers = (*Unmarshalers)(src)
   284  		default:
   285  			panic(fmt.Sprintf("unknown option %T", src))
   286  		}
   287  	}
   288  }
   289  

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