Source file src/encoding/json/v2/options.go

     1  // Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  //go:build goexperiment.jsonv2
     6  
     7  package json
     8  
     9  import (
    10  	"fmt"
    11  
    12  	"encoding/json/internal"
    13  	"encoding/json/internal/jsonflags"
    14  	"encoding/json/internal/jsonopts"
    15  )
    16  
    17  // Options configure [Marshal], [MarshalWrite], [MarshalEncode],
    18  // [Unmarshal], [UnmarshalRead], and [UnmarshalDecode] with specific features.
    19  // Each function takes in a variadic list of options, where properties
    20  // set in later options override the value of previously set properties.
    21  //
    22  // The Options type is identical to [encoding/json.Options] and
    23  // [encoding/json/jsontext.Options]. Options from the other packages can
    24  // be used interchangeably with functionality in this package.
    25  //
    26  // Options represent either a singular option or a set of options.
    27  // It can be functionally thought of as a Go map of option properties
    28  // (even though the underlying implementation avoids Go maps for performance).
    29  //
    30  // The constructors (e.g., [Deterministic]) return a singular option value:
    31  //
    32  //	opt := Deterministic(true)
    33  //
    34  // which is analogous to creating a single entry map:
    35  //
    36  //	opt := Options{"Deterministic": true}
    37  //
    38  // [JoinOptions] composes multiple options values to together:
    39  //
    40  //	out := JoinOptions(opts...)
    41  //
    42  // which is analogous to making a new map and copying the options over:
    43  //
    44  //	out := make(Options)
    45  //	for _, m := range opts {
    46  //		for k, v := range m {
    47  //			out[k] = v
    48  //		}
    49  //	}
    50  //
    51  // [GetOption] looks up the value of options parameter:
    52  //
    53  //	v, ok := GetOption(opts, Deterministic)
    54  //
    55  // which is analogous to a Go map lookup:
    56  //
    57  //	v, ok := Options["Deterministic"]
    58  //
    59  // There is a single Options type, which is used with both marshal and unmarshal.
    60  // Some options affect both operations, while others only affect one operation:
    61  //
    62  //   - [StringifyNumbers] affects marshaling and unmarshaling
    63  //   - [Deterministic] affects marshaling only
    64  //   - [FormatNilSliceAsNull] affects marshaling only
    65  //   - [FormatNilMapAsNull] affects marshaling only
    66  //   - [OmitZeroStructFields] affects marshaling only
    67  //   - [MatchCaseInsensitiveNames] affects marshaling and unmarshaling
    68  //   - [DiscardUnknownMembers] affects marshaling only
    69  //   - [RejectUnknownMembers] affects unmarshaling only
    70  //   - [WithMarshalers] affects marshaling only
    71  //   - [WithUnmarshalers] affects unmarshaling only
    72  //
    73  // Options that do not affect a particular operation are ignored.
    74  type Options = jsonopts.Options
    75  
    76  // JoinOptions coalesces the provided list of options into a single Options.
    77  // Properties set in later options override the value of previously set properties.
    78  func JoinOptions(srcs ...Options) Options {
    79  	var dst jsonopts.Struct
    80  	dst.Join(srcs...)
    81  	return &dst
    82  }
    83  
    84  // GetOption returns the value stored in opts with the provided setter,
    85  // reporting whether the value is present.
    86  //
    87  // Example usage:
    88  //
    89  //	v, ok := json.GetOption(opts, json.Deterministic)
    90  //
    91  // Options are most commonly introspected to alter the JSON representation of
    92  // [MarshalerTo.MarshalJSONTo] and [UnmarshalerFrom.UnmarshalJSONFrom] methods, and
    93  // [MarshalToFunc] and [UnmarshalFromFunc] functions.
    94  // In such cases, the presence bit should generally be ignored.
    95  func GetOption[T any](opts Options, setter func(T) Options) (T, bool) {
    96  	return jsonopts.GetOption(opts, setter)
    97  }
    98  
    99  // DefaultOptionsV2 is the full set of all options that define v2 semantics.
   100  // It is equivalent to the set of options in [encoding/json.DefaultOptionsV1]
   101  // all being set to false. All other options are not present.
   102  func DefaultOptionsV2() Options {
   103  	return &jsonopts.DefaultOptionsV2
   104  }
   105  
   106  // StringifyNumbers specifies that numeric Go types should be marshaled
   107  // as a JSON string containing the equivalent JSON number value.
   108  // When unmarshaling, numeric Go types are parsed from a JSON string
   109  // containing the JSON number without any surrounding whitespace.
   110  //
   111  // According to RFC 8259, section 6, a JSON implementation may choose to
   112  // limit the representation of a JSON number to an IEEE 754 binary64 value.
   113  // This may cause decoders to lose precision for int64 and uint64 types.
   114  // Quoting JSON numbers as a JSON string preserves the exact precision.
   115  //
   116  // This affects either marshaling or unmarshaling.
   117  func StringifyNumbers(v bool) Options {
   118  	if v {
   119  		return jsonflags.StringifyNumbers | 1
   120  	} else {
   121  		return jsonflags.StringifyNumbers | 0
   122  	}
   123  }
   124  
   125  // Deterministic specifies that the same input value will be serialized
   126  // as the exact same output bytes. Different processes of
   127  // the same program will serialize equal values to the same bytes,
   128  // but different versions of the same program are not guaranteed
   129  // to produce the exact same sequence of bytes.
   130  //
   131  // This only affects marshaling and is ignored when unmarshaling.
   132  func Deterministic(v bool) Options {
   133  	if v {
   134  		return jsonflags.Deterministic | 1
   135  	} else {
   136  		return jsonflags.Deterministic | 0
   137  	}
   138  }
   139  
   140  // FormatNilSliceAsNull specifies that a nil Go slice should marshal as a
   141  // JSON null instead of the default representation as an empty JSON array
   142  // (or an empty JSON string in the case of ~[]byte).
   143  // Slice fields explicitly marked with `format:emitempty` still marshal
   144  // as an empty JSON array.
   145  //
   146  // This only affects marshaling and is ignored when unmarshaling.
   147  func FormatNilSliceAsNull(v bool) Options {
   148  	if v {
   149  		return jsonflags.FormatNilSliceAsNull | 1
   150  	} else {
   151  		return jsonflags.FormatNilSliceAsNull | 0
   152  	}
   153  }
   154  
   155  // FormatNilMapAsNull specifies that a nil Go map should marshal as a
   156  // JSON null instead of the default representation as an empty JSON object.
   157  // Map fields explicitly marked with `format:emitempty` still marshal
   158  // as an empty JSON object.
   159  //
   160  // This only affects marshaling and is ignored when unmarshaling.
   161  func FormatNilMapAsNull(v bool) Options {
   162  	if v {
   163  		return jsonflags.FormatNilMapAsNull | 1
   164  	} else {
   165  		return jsonflags.FormatNilMapAsNull | 0
   166  	}
   167  }
   168  
   169  // OmitZeroStructFields specifies that a Go struct should marshal in such a way
   170  // that all struct fields that are zero are omitted from the marshaled output
   171  // if the value is zero as determined by the "IsZero() bool" method if present,
   172  // otherwise based on whether the field is the zero Go value.
   173  // This is semantically equivalent to specifying the `omitzero` tag option
   174  // on every field in a Go struct.
   175  //
   176  // This only affects marshaling and is ignored when unmarshaling.
   177  func OmitZeroStructFields(v bool) Options {
   178  	if v {
   179  		return jsonflags.OmitZeroStructFields | 1
   180  	} else {
   181  		return jsonflags.OmitZeroStructFields | 0
   182  	}
   183  }
   184  
   185  // MatchCaseInsensitiveNames specifies that JSON object members are matched
   186  // against Go struct fields using a case-insensitive match of the name.
   187  // Go struct fields explicitly marked with `case:strict` or `case:ignore`
   188  // always use case-sensitive (or case-insensitive) name matching,
   189  // regardless of the value of this option.
   190  //
   191  // This affects either marshaling or unmarshaling.
   192  // For marshaling, this option may alter the detection of duplicate names
   193  // (assuming [jsontext.AllowDuplicateNames] is false) from inlined fields
   194  // if it matches one of the declared fields in the Go struct.
   195  func MatchCaseInsensitiveNames(v bool) Options {
   196  	if v {
   197  		return jsonflags.MatchCaseInsensitiveNames | 1
   198  	} else {
   199  		return jsonflags.MatchCaseInsensitiveNames | 0
   200  	}
   201  }
   202  
   203  // DiscardUnknownMembers specifies that marshaling should ignore any
   204  // JSON object members stored in Go struct fields dedicated to storing
   205  // unknown JSON object members.
   206  //
   207  // This only affects marshaling and is ignored when unmarshaling.
   208  func DiscardUnknownMembers(v bool) Options {
   209  	if v {
   210  		return jsonflags.DiscardUnknownMembers | 1
   211  	} else {
   212  		return jsonflags.DiscardUnknownMembers | 0
   213  	}
   214  }
   215  
   216  // RejectUnknownMembers specifies that unknown members should be rejected
   217  // when unmarshaling a JSON object, regardless of whether there is a field
   218  // to store unknown members.
   219  //
   220  // This only affects unmarshaling and is ignored when marshaling.
   221  func RejectUnknownMembers(v bool) Options {
   222  	if v {
   223  		return jsonflags.RejectUnknownMembers | 1
   224  	} else {
   225  		return jsonflags.RejectUnknownMembers | 0
   226  	}
   227  }
   228  
   229  // WithMarshalers specifies a list of type-specific marshalers to use,
   230  // which can be used to override the default marshal behavior for values
   231  // of particular types.
   232  //
   233  // This only affects marshaling and is ignored when unmarshaling.
   234  func WithMarshalers(v *Marshalers) Options {
   235  	return (*marshalersOption)(v)
   236  }
   237  
   238  // WithUnmarshalers specifies a list of type-specific unmarshalers to use,
   239  // which can be used to override the default unmarshal behavior for values
   240  // of particular types.
   241  //
   242  // This only affects unmarshaling and is ignored when marshaling.
   243  func WithUnmarshalers(v *Unmarshalers) Options {
   244  	return (*unmarshalersOption)(v)
   245  }
   246  
   247  // These option types are declared here instead of "jsonopts"
   248  // to avoid a dependency on "reflect" from "jsonopts".
   249  type (
   250  	marshalersOption   Marshalers
   251  	unmarshalersOption Unmarshalers
   252  )
   253  
   254  func (*marshalersOption) JSONOptions(internal.NotForPublicUse)   {}
   255  func (*unmarshalersOption) JSONOptions(internal.NotForPublicUse) {}
   256  
   257  // Inject support into "jsonopts" to handle these types.
   258  func init() {
   259  	jsonopts.GetUnknownOption = func(src jsonopts.Struct, zero jsonopts.Options) (any, bool) {
   260  		switch zero.(type) {
   261  		case *marshalersOption:
   262  			if !src.Flags.Has(jsonflags.Marshalers) {
   263  				return (*Marshalers)(nil), false
   264  			}
   265  			return src.Marshalers.(*Marshalers), true
   266  		case *unmarshalersOption:
   267  			if !src.Flags.Has(jsonflags.Unmarshalers) {
   268  				return (*Unmarshalers)(nil), false
   269  			}
   270  			return src.Unmarshalers.(*Unmarshalers), true
   271  		default:
   272  			panic(fmt.Sprintf("unknown option %T", zero))
   273  		}
   274  	}
   275  	jsonopts.JoinUnknownOption = func(dst jsonopts.Struct, src jsonopts.Options) jsonopts.Struct {
   276  		switch src := src.(type) {
   277  		case *marshalersOption:
   278  			dst.Flags.Set(jsonflags.Marshalers | 1)
   279  			dst.Marshalers = (*Marshalers)(src)
   280  		case *unmarshalersOption:
   281  			dst.Flags.Set(jsonflags.Unmarshalers | 1)
   282  			dst.Unmarshalers = (*Unmarshalers)(src)
   283  		default:
   284  			panic(fmt.Sprintf("unknown option %T", src))
   285  		}
   286  		return dst
   287  	}
   288  }
   289  

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